ABSTRACT
The corona virus infection 2019 (COVID-19) has already reached every corner of the globe, leaving many areas with insufficient access to medical supplies. When contrasted to the RT-PCR test, computed tomography (CT) images are able to provide adequate a diagnosis that is both accurate and quick about COVID-19. In this regard, the focus of this research is on the development of an AI-based prediction classifier for the identification and categorization of COVID-19. Ensembles of DL models will be used in the AIEM-DC method in order to accomplish the method's primary goal of accurate COVID-19 detection and classification. In furthermore, a pretreatment approach that relies on Gaussian filtering (GF) is used in order to get rid of clutter and increase image resolution. In addition, for the purpose of extracting the features, a shark optimization method (SOA) is used, along with an array of deep learning methods. These models include recurrent neural networks (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU). In addition, for the categorization of CT images, an upgraded version of the bat method combined with a multiclass support vector machine (MSVM) architecture is used. The originality of the study is shown by the development of the prediction classifier, which includes optimized parameter tuning of the MSVM model for COVID-19 categorization. The usefulness of the AIEM-DC method was tested using a benchmark CT imaging data set, and the findings indicated the potential generalization ability of the AIEM-DC methodology in comparison to the most current state-of-the-art techniques. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
The current state of pulmonary vaccine delivery will be discussed in this review. The prospects for lung immunization using dry powder generation technologies and specialized medicinal formulations are discussed. In terms of vaccine durability and antigenicity, dry powder vaccine generation technologies may be advantageous. The non-invasive, reasonably safe, and low-cost nature of pulmonary delivery could help the public health vaccination significantly. The vaccines, which are all given intramuscularly, produce systemic antibodies in the blood but not antibodies in the pulmonary mucosal lining. Inhalation vaccines provide a number of potential benefits over injectable vaccines, including ease of delivery, and even self-administration. To create a dry powder inhalation formulation that is breathable and mediates robust transfection in the lung, a safe and effective mRNA delivery vector as well as a suitable particle engineering approach is needed.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected sports worldwide. Usual practice can’t be done due to high viral transmission, yet prolonged inactivity leads to detraining and deconditioning and threatens ending of sporting career. Depending on the present guidelines of the government, a safe and evidence based gradual resumption of training and sports is essential. The cardiorespiratoryneuromuscular system involvement among others in COVID-19 directly affects exercise-sports performance and health, and the possibility of sub-clinical transmission poses immense challenge. Like other games, swimming is also heavily affected. Although COVID-19 is transmitted by droplets, the prolonged presence of virus in the air currents, commonly-touched surfaces and in stool of those infected should be kept in mind. Importance of hand hygiene, cough and sneeze etiquette, social distancing, use of mask while not exercising hard, other good public hygiene practices, staying home if sick, frequent cleaning and disinfection of pool and frequently touched surfaces, early detection, isolation and adequate treatment for the positive cases and strictly following government guideline should be compulsory. Awareness program and continued education for athletes, parents, coaches, support staff and other management team should be done. This review is intended to understand the course of COVID-19 and to formulate guidelines for resumption of swimming in India, based on recommendations by various organisations like WHO, CDC etc. The aim being to act as a key support for safely resuming swimming yet reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection.
ABSTRACT
Value engineering is a systematic approach, widely used to optimize the design or process or product in the designing stage. It used to achieve the client's obligation by increasing the functionality and attain the targeted cost in the cost planning. Value engineering effectiveness and benefits decrease along with the progress of the project since the change in the scope of the work and design will account for more cost all along the lifecycle of the project. Integrating the value engineering with other project management activities will promote cost minimization, client satisfaction, and ensure early completion of the project in time. Previous research studies suggested that value engineering can integrate with other project delivery activities, but research studies unable to frame a model that collaborates the project management activities with the job plan of value engineering approach. Analysing various project management activities and their synergy between each other have studied. The project management activities and processes like a)risk analysis b)lifecycle cost analysis c)lean construction d)facility management e)Building information modelling f)Contract administration, collaborated, and project delivery model planned along with the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA ) plan of work. The key outcome of the research is a value-driven project delivery model, which will succeed in dealing with the economic impact, constraints and conflicts arise due to the COVID-19 outbreak in the Indian construction sector. Benefits associated with the structured framework is construction project delivery that ensures early contractor involvement, mutual risk sharing, and reviving the project with a cost overrun and delay back on track, discussed in the research